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Michio Kaku tłumaczy teorię strun
Poziom:
Temat: Nauka i technologia
And what else can we do? -- We can also unlock the secrets of the big bang.
You see, Einstein's equations break down at the instant of the big bang and the center of a black hole.
The two most interesting places in the universe are beyond our reach - using Einstein's equations.
We need a higher theory.
And that's where the string theory comes in.
String theory takes you before the big bang.
Before genesis itself -- and what is string theory saying?
It says that there is a multiverse of universes.
Where did the big bang come from?
Well, Einstein's equations give us this compelling picture that we are like insects on a soap bubble.
A gigantic soap bubble that is expanding and we're trapped like flies on flypaper - we can't escape the soap bubble.
And that's called the big bang theory.
String theory says: There should be other bubbles out there.
In a multiverse of bubbles when two universes collide it can form another universe.
When a universe splits in halfe it can create two universes.
And that we think is the big bang.
The big bang is caused either by the collision of universes or by the fusing of universes.
If there are other dimensions, if there are other universes - can we go between universes?
Well, that of course is very hard - however, Alice in Wonderland gives us a possibility that maybe one day we might create a wormhole between universes.
This is a wormhole - think of taking a sheet of paper and putting two dots on it.
The shortest distance between two points is a straight line.
But if I can fold a sheet of paper then perhaps I can create a shortcut.
A shortcut through space and time called a wormhole.
This is a genuine solution of Einstein's equations.
We can actually see this in string theory. The question is - how practical is it to go through one of these things.
We don't know. In fact there's a debate among physicists today - Steven Hawkings - many physicists are jumping into the game.
trying to figure out whether it is physically possible to go all the way through a wormhole.
Because if you could - then you might be able to use this as a timemachine.
Since string theory is a theory of everything it is also a theory of time.
And time machines are allowed in Einstein's equations.
But to build one is extremely difficult - far more energy is required than a simple DeLorean with plutonium.
In trillions of years from now the universe is going to get awfully cold.
We think the universe is headed for a big freeze
all the stars will blank out - starts will cease to twinkle - the universe will be so big, it will be very cold.
At that point all intelligent life in the universe must die.
The laws of physics are a death warrant to all intelligent life.
There is only one way to escape the death of the universe.
And that is: leave the universe. We are now of course entering the realm of science fiction.
But at least we know have 'equations of string theory' that allow us to calculate if it is possible to go through a wormhole to go to another universe
where it is warmer and perhaps we can start all over again.
