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5 błędów historycznych
Poziom:
Temat: Historia i kultura
# 5. Vikings
What would a Viking be without his trusty
battle helmet and its impressive horns? The
answer is: a more historically accurate viking.
Think, for a moment about wearing headgear
like that into battle: the horns are just
easy targets for your opponent to hit and
knock off your helmet.
Or, if you strap on your helmet, now your
opponent has a convenient lever with which
to drag you to the ground and something to
hold onto while slitting your throat.
Horned helmets are a terrible idea, which
is why archeologists have never found them
at viking battle sites and there's no evidence
that they were ever used.
It was poets and artists -- people not known
for caring about facts and reality -- who
gave the Vikings their silly hats during the
late 1800s, long after the vikings could 'correct'
their misconceptions.
4. Lady Godiva
The story of this 11th century English noblewoman
is that her mean husband the Earl raised taxes
on the townspeople of Coventry which Lady
Godiva -- and not surprising the locals -- thought
were too high.
She badgered her husband and he conceded in
exasperation to lower the taxes if she rode
through town naked -- assuming that she never
would, but she did.
Because people don't likes taxes -- even though
they're how civilization is purchased -- Lady
Godiva's story lives on notably in the Godiva
logo and in popular songs.
But while Lady Godiva was a real person and
Coventry is a real town there is no record
of her nude ride from the time when it happened
-- so we can assume the story is false. Just
as with the Vikings, again poets and artists
are to blame, who made up the tale long after
Lady Godiva's death.
3. Napoleon
Famously this tiny, tiny general -- perhaps
to compensate for his short stature -- took
control of France greatly expanded its influence
and dubbed himself emperor.
Napoleon's official height was indeed 5 foot
2 inches but at the time French inches were
longer than English inches, so doing the unit
conversion, Napoleon's height should have
been reported as 5'7 in England's imperial
units -- which is short by today's standard
but was average or slightly above average
in the early 1800s.
However England, with it's eternal love for
all things French, didn't care and went the
Napoleon-is-so-short-LOL version of the story
in newspapers and cartoons.
Meanwhile, Napoleon was busy introducing the
Metric System to France and the wider world
to standardize measurements so this sort of
confusion would never happen again -- and
thankfully the whole world now uses metric.
Mostly. Sort of.
2. Roman Vomit
Ah, the Roman empire, so great and powerful,
but corrupted by decadence from within. And
what could be a better symbol of that decadence
than the Vometorum: where Romans, after stuffing
themselves with delicious foods, could vomit
them all up to make room to feast anew.
Vometoria are real but this idea of them is
not, though confusion is understandable because
their name -- Vomit-orium -- seems to make
their purpose so clear.
Even if for some reason you know latin -- perhaps
because you live in a country that insists
you waste hundreds of hours of your life learning
a dead, useless language -- this knowledge
still won't help you because the root word
'vomitum' means 'to spew forth'.
So what is it really? If you've ever been
to a big stadium, like say, the ones made
by the romans, you have already used a vometorium.
This is what the vometoria are -- the passageways
that lets lots of people enter or exit at
once. The people are what spews forth in the
vometoria, not the contents of the people.
1. Columbus
There is so very much wrong with the common
retelling of the story of Christopher Columbus
that it's hard to know where to begin, but
the biggest misconception is that everyone
else thought the world was flat, but Columbus
was the only guy smart enough to know that
it's round.
It makes a daring story, but knowledge of
a spherical earth goes back to at least 5,000
BC that's six and a half thousand years before
Columbus set sail -- and that knowledge was
never lost to western civilization. In 200
BC Eratosthenes calculated Earth's circumference
and his estimate was still well know and being
used in Columbus's time.
The argument Columbus had with queen Isabella
was not over the shape of the earth, but of
its size. Columbus estimated the Earth was
much smaller than Queen Isabella and her scientific
advisors did which was way he thought he could
make it across the empty Atlantic to India.
But Columbus's size estimate was wrong -- again,
just like Napoleon's height -- because of
mixed up units.
However, his error did send him West to become
the first European to discover America -- as
long as you ignore the hornless vikings who
beat him by 500 years.
